The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 by Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich Philipp August, 1834-1919

CRYPTORCHISM: abnormal retention of the testicles in the body.

DEUTOPLASM: see PLASM.

DUALISM: the belief in the existence of two entirely distinct principles (such as matter and spirit).

DYSTELEOLOGY: the science of those features in organisms which refute the "design-argument."

ECTODERM: the outer (ekto) layer of the embryo.

ENTODERM: the inner (ento) layer of the embryo.

EPIDERM: the outer layer of the skin.

EPIGENESIS: the theory of gradual development of organs in the embryo.

EPIPHYSIS: the third or central eye in the early vertebrates.

EPISOMA: see SOMA.

EPITHELIA: tissues covering the surface of parts of the body (such as the mouth, etc.)

GONADS: the sexual glands.

GONOCHORISM: separation of the male and female sexes.

GONOTOMES: sections of the sexual glands.

GYNECOMAST: a male with the breasts (masta) of a woman (gyne).

HEPATIC: pertaining to the liver (hepar).

HOLOBLASTIC: embryos in which the animal and vegetal cells divide equally (holon = whole).

HYPERMASTISM: the possession of more than the normal breasts (masta).

HYPOBRANCHIAL: underneath (hypo) the gills.

HYPOPHYSIS: sensitive-offshoot from the brain in the vertebrate.

HYPOSOMA: see SOMA.

LECITH-: pertaining to the yelk (lecithus); hence:-- Centrolecithal: eggs with the yelk in the centre. Lecithoma: the yelk-sac. Telolecithal: eggs with the yelk at one end.

MEROBLASTIC: cleaving in part (meron) only.

META-: (in compounds) the "after" or secondary stage; hence:-- Metagaster: the secondary or permanent gut (gaster). Metaplasm: secondary or differentiated plasm. Metastoma: the secondary or permanent mouth (stoma). Metazoa: the higher or later animals, made up of many cells. Metovum: the mature or advanced ovum.

METAMERA: the segments into which the embryo breaks up.

METAMERISM: the segmentation of the embryo.

MONERA: the most primitive of the unicellular organisms.

MONISM: belief in the fundamental unity of all things.

MORPHOLOGY: the science of organic forms (generally equivalent to anatomy).

MYOTOMES: segments into which the muscles break up.

NEPHRA: the kidneys; hence:-- Nephridia: the rudimentary kidney-organs. Nephrotomes: the segments of the developing kidneys.

ONTOGENY: the science of the development of the individual (generally equivalent to embryology).

PERIGENESIS: the genesis of the movements in the vital particles.

PHAGOCYTES: cells that absorb food (phagein = to eat).

PHYLOGENY: the science of the evolution of species (phyla).

PLANOCYTES: cells that move about (planein).

PLASM: the colloid or jelly-like matter of which organisms are composed; hence:-- Caryoplasm: the matter of the nucleus (caryon). Cytoplasm: the matter of the body of the cell. Deutoplasm: secondary or differentiated plasm. Metaplasm: secondary or differentiated plasm. Protoplasm: primitive or undifferentiated plasm.

PLASSON: the simplest form of plasm.

PLASTIDULES: small particles of plasm.

POLYSPERMISM: the penetration of more than one sperm-cell into the ovum.

PRO- or PROT: (in compounds) the earlier form (opposed to META); hence:-- Prochorion: the first form of the chorion. Progaster: the first or primitive stomach. Pronephridia: the earlier form of the kidneys. Prorenal: the earlier form of the kidneys. Prostoma: the first or primitive mouth. Protists: the earliest or unicellular organisms. Provertebrae: the earliest phase of the vertebrae. Protophyta: the primitive or unicellular plants. Protoplasm: undifferentiated plasm. Protozoa: the primitive or unicellular animals.

RENAL: pertaining to the kidneys (renes).

SCATULATION: packing or boxing-up (scatula = a box).

SCLEROTOMES: segments into which the primitive skeleton falls.

SOMA: the body; hence:-- Cytosoma: the body of the cell (cytos). Episoma: the upper or back-half of the embryonic body. Somites: segments of the embryonic body. Hyposoma: the under or belly-half of the embryonic body.

TELEOLOGY: the belief in design and purpose (telos) in nature.

TELOLECITHAL: see LECITH-.

UMBILICAL: pertaining to the navel (umbilicus).

VITELLINE: pertaining to the yelk (vitellus).

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PREFACE.

[BY JOSEPH MCCABE.]